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Hundreds of thousands of people are expected to take part in street protests and strikes across France on Tuesday amid fears of violent clashes with police, as demonstrations continue over Emmanuel Macron’s use of constitutional executive powers to push through an unpopular raise of the pension age.
The protest movement against raising the age from 62 to 64 is the biggest domestic crisis of Macron’s second term, with the strikes on Tuesday expected to affect refineries, bin collections, rail transport, air travel and schools. Authorities in Paris and several cities are braced for clashes between police and protesters.
The crisis has intensified because of controversy over policing tactics, with lawyers complaining of arbitrary arrests, injuries and heavy-handedness during crowd control.
A 30-year-old man was fighting for his life in a coma on Monday after anti-government feeling spread beyond the issue of pensions to environmental demonstrations at the weekend in the west of France – spurred by the impact of new water storage facilities for crop irrigation.
The man suffered head trauma during clashes between protesters and police. An investigation is under way to determine the circumstances.
The IGPN, the internal affairs unit of the French police, said it had launched 17 investigations into incidents and allegations against police across France in recent weeks.
More than 30 lawyers wrote an open letter to Le Monde on Monday stating their “great concern” over what they called arbitrary arrests of hundreds of people, accusing the police of using the judicial system and arrests as a tactic to put people off protesting.
The head of Paris police has said all arrests were justified. The interior minister Gérald Darmanin said many police officers had been injured during the protests.
The Council of Europe said on Friday that peaceful protesters and journalists had to be protected from police violence and arbitrary arrest.
What began as two months of regular, peaceful trade union-organised strike days has shifted to more impromptu protest gatherings over the past 10 days.
There have been pockets of unrest in many cities and towns after dark, with fires lit on streets and property vandalised.
Attacks on politicians’ constituency offices have increased since Macron’s decision to push through the pensions changes, bypassing the lower-house of parliament.
A preparatory note by French intelligence services ahead of Tuesday’s trade union-led day of strike and protests said there was likely to be many more young people taking part, perhaps twice or three times as many as on the last big day of strike action last Thursday, French media reported.
According to the daily Le Parisien, the note said “the topic of repression and police violence … could focus young people’s anger”.
Many young people at first “didn’t feel affected” by the pensions changes, but then decided to join the movement last week, “indignant” at the use of executive powers contained in article 49.3 of the constitution to bypass parliament, after the government feared it would not get enough votes.
Authorities are expecting clashes and violence similar to last Thursday’s coordinated strike day, when Paris saw bus stops, newspaper kiosks and traffic lights smashed and hundreds of fires lit on pavements amid running clashes with police.
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Public buildings have also been targeted, including Bordeaux city hall and a police station in Lorient. The interior ministry blamed “far-left” groups.
Already on Monday, trade unions had stepped up strikes. The Louvre museum in Paris was blocked by striking museum workers and could not open.
Pickets continued at petrol depots and waste incinerators, particularly surrounding Paris, where 8,000 tonnes of rubbish are still piling up in streets across half of the city after weeks of bin strikes. Paris city hall said it would clear piles of refuse from the route of Tuesday’s street march to try to avoid fires being lit.
France’s civil aviation authority has told airlines at Orly airport in Paris, as well as at airports in Bordeaux, Marseille and Toulouse, to cancel 20% of flights for Tuesday and Wednesday. High school unions said that up to 200 schools were blockaded by pupils.
Macron summoned the prime minister, Élisabeth Borne, as well as government ministers and senior politicians for crisis meetings on Monday as tensions ran high.
The French president was supposed to have been hosting King Charles for a day of pomp and ceremony on Monday, but had to cancel the state visit because of the strikes and demonstrations. French opposition politicians on the left and right said France’s image and diplomacy had been damaged by the last-minute cancellation.
“We have to find the right path … we need to calm down,” Borne told AFP, saying the government would not drop the pension changes. She said she was ready for dialogue with unions on other labour issues, including demanding jobs, conditions for older workers and retraining.
But Laurent Berger, the head of the moderate CFDT union, who has taken an unexpectedly hard line against the pension reform, said he would accept the offer of talks but only if the reform was first “put to one side”.
The government has vowed to hold firm, uncertain of how many more days of strike action would be called. Berger said the prime minister must come up with a “very big move on pensions”.
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